9 mars 1917, Kiev – 1944, camp de concentration de Plaszow (Cracovie)
Zuzanna Ginczanka était une poétesse qui a choisi d’écrire en polonais. Elle fait ses débuts à l’âge de 14 ans et devient immédiatement une figure importante de la vie littéraire polonaise.
Elle est née en 1917 à Kiyv sous le nom de Sara Polina Gincburg. Elle a grandi à Rivne, une ville de Volhynie (aujourd’hui en Ukraine) dans une famille russophone de classe moyenne. Elle a choisi de fréquenter un lycée polonais et elle a été fascinée par la poésie des écrivains polonais Julian Tuwim et Bolesław Leśmian,. Zuzanna Ginczanka a fait ses débuts en 1931, alors qu’elle était encore lycéenne, avec le poème ‘Uczta wakacyjna’ (« Un Festin de Vacances ») qui a été publié dans le journal du lycée. Trois ans plus tard, son poème ‘Gramatyka’ (« Grammaire ») a reçu un prix dans le cadre du Concours des Jeunes Poètes annoncé dans ‘Wiadomości Literackie’ (« Nouvelles Littéraires »), un important hebdomadaire social et culturel publié à Varsovie. En 1936, elle commence à collaborer avec l’hebdomadaire satirique ‘Szpilki’ (« Épingles/Talons hauts »). La même année, elle publie son seul livre de poésie, ‘O centaurach’ (« Au sujet des Centaures »).
Les poèmes de jeunesse de Zuzanna Ginczanka étaient passionnés et sensuels, pleins de références à la physiologie et à la biologie. Ils peuvent être interprétés comme un signe de rébellion contre le mode de vie bourgeois qui l’entoure. Son travail fait allusion aux mythes et aux traditions de l’Extrême-Orient, à la culture germanique ancienne, aux pays méditerranéens et à la culture juive.
Zuzanna a passé les premières années de la guerre à Lviv (aujourd’hui en Ukraine). En raison de ses traits nettement sémitiques, elle dut dissimuler son origine et rester cachée. Menacée et dénoncée par Chominowa, gardienne de l’immeuble où elle vivait, elle décida de s’échapper. Arrivée à Cracovie, elle écrivit le poème ‘Non omnis moriar’ dans lequel elle immortalise sa tourmenteuse Chominowa. Zuzanna Ginczanka est arrêtée par la Gestapo. Elle a été abattue en 1944 dans le camp de concentration de Plaszow.
Non omnis moriar
Performed by Anna Błaut
Concert at the opening of the restored mikveh and the basement of the White Stork Synagogue in Wroclaw, Poland, 13.10.2018
Translation from Polish by Joanna Trzeciak Huss
Non omnis moriar—my proud estate,
Meadows of tablecloths, bastions of armoires,
Miles of bedsheets, all my fine linens
And dresses, bright dresses shall be my bequest.
Here I have left no heir.
Let your hand then pick through my Jewish possessions,
O brave spouse of a snitch, Mrs. Chomina from Lviv,
An eager informant, a Volksdeutscher’s mother.
May they suit you and yours: why leave them to strangers?
This is no song, dear neighbors, nor an empty name
I remember you the way you remembered me
to the coming Schupo, reminding them of me.
So friends, break out the goblets,
Drink to my death and to your riches:
Kilims and tapestries, platters and candlesticks.
May you drink all night and as the day breaks
set off on your search for jewels and gold
In featherbeds, mattresses, sofas, and rugs.
Many hands make light work, so it shouldn’t take long,
Clumps of horsehair and sea grass stuffing,
Clouds of torn pillows and billows of down,
Will cling to your arms, and turn them to wings,
And my blood will congeal fiber and feather
And transform into angels those now merely winged.
[Translation first published in Consequence]
Side commentary
Translated from Polish by Joanna Trzeciak Huss
I was not made
from dust,
nor unto dust
will I return.
I did not come down
from heaven,
nor will I return there.
Like a glass vault
I am the heavens.
I am the earth
like the fertile soil.
I did not escape
from anywhere,
nor will I return
there.
I know of no other beyond, beyond myself.
In the full lungs of the wind
and in the calcified rocks,
scattered
here
I must
find
myself.
[Translation first published in Washington Square Review]
Escape
Translation from Polish by Joanna Trzeciak Huss
Ablaze with color, a garden gone wild sticks out like a wick.
Add a touch of red, hot like fire, and the soil will burst like a bomb.
Proud peacock of iridescent enamel struts in the sun
behind a tapestry of maples arrayed in green rows.
That’s daytime: sunflowers circling bright sparks of buttercups,
lacquered maple leaves and haughty garish peacocks.
Midnight bright as high noon from the gloss and glitter of lightning.
Bolt after bolt it lights up the trees with nothing but glitter and gloss.
I circle lonely rooms, pondering the inscrutable garden,
I gaze at grey upholstery, ensconced in creaks and rustles,
I—the only known earth amidst planets orbiting lifelessly,
amidst matters of overt color and covert, obscure content—
I gaze into standing pools of mirrors and float to the surface as if drowned
with worried hand I feel my eye and probe its bony orbit
then the scream—I rush into the peacock bright garden,
copper trees ablaze, and lilacs white hot.
I dive into the brimming chestnuts, into the swaying of hazels and willows,
into the bustle of hazy appearances and covert and obscure content—
I weep in sorrow,
kissing on the lips,
bursting out laughing,
and furrowing my brow,
What I am left with in life is life
to forget death to death.
[Translation first published in Pleiades]
Infidelity („Zdrada”)
Performed by Nocą Umówieni + Airis String Quartet
Music by Katarzyna Sałapa
Performed at a „Lato w Synagodze Pod Białym Bocianem” concert at the White Stork Synagogue in Wrocław, Poland.
Translation from Polish by Joanna Trzeciak Huss
Nobody can stop me.
Sin of suede and bats
its mousish head hanging down in the attic of fear
At dusk I will slip out of the tower, from the fortified tower
I will escape through the cutting sharp wasps,
a pillory of poisoned herbs –
The crushing crags of the commandments will arduously rise from the rubble,
the twenty hells of the Vedas,
flames,
howl
and whistle
a fanatical night will threaten, stoning with stars,
I will slip through fingers like Mercury.
Nothing can stop me.
You will turn into a wolf, I, a wagtail –
you into the eagle, I into the winding wonders – –
With inscrutable intent I will forestall you in your chase.
The world won’t stop me
oh my love – oh my dear – oh my sweet one
unless I myself
choose
a sweet May
fidelity.
To another
Translation from Polish by Joanna Trzeciak Huss
It’s easy for you to fall in love.
harder to stay in love. So be it.
This is not altogether bad.
Nor an obstacle, as I see it.
It would be easy for me to love you
despite this poor arrangement
but I cannot fall in love with you
and I’m powerless to change it.
Virginity
Translated from Polish by Joanna Trzeciak Huss
We…
A frenzy of hazel trees, disheveled by rain,
a scented nutty buttery crush.
Cows give birth in the humid air
in barns, blazing like stars.
O, ripe currants and lush grains
Sapid to overbrimming.
O, she-wolves feeding their young,
their eyes sweet like lilies.
Sap drips like apiary honey.
Goat udders sag like pumpkins.
The white milk flows like eternity
in the temples of maternal bosoms.
And we…
in cubes of peach wallpaper
like steel thermoses
hermetic beyond contemplation
entangled up to our necks in dresses
conduct
proper
conversations.
[Translation first published in New Ohio Review]
