Literatura
Zuzanna Ginczanka

Zuzanna Ginczanka

9. 3. 1917, Kyjev — 1944, Płaszów (Krakov)


Básnířka, která z vlastního rozhodnutí psala v polštině. Debutovala již ve svých 14 letech a záhy se stala klíčovou postavou polského literárního prostředí.

 

Narodila se v roce 1917 v Kyjevě jako Sara Polina Gincburg. Vyrůstala v Rivném na Volyni (dnes západní Ukrajina) v měšťanské, ruskojazyčné rodině. Z vlastního rozhodnutí se přihlásila ke studiu na polském gymnáziu. Fascinovala ji poezie Juliana Tuwima a Bolesława Leśmiana. Debutovala ještě jako gymnazistka v roce 1931 básní Uczta Wakacyjna (Prázdninová hostina), kterou jí otiskl školní časopis. O tři roky později získala její báseň Gramatyka (Gramatika) ocenění v soutěži vyhlášené redakcí prestižního literárního a společensko-kulturního týdeníku „Wiadomości Literackie”, který vycházel ve Varšavě. Od roku 1936 spolupracovala se satirickým týdeníkem „Szpilki”. V témže roce vydala svou jedinou básnickou sbírku O centaurach (O kentaurech).

 

Juvenilní tvorba Zuzanny Ginczanky se vyznačuje výraznou smyslností a citem, a rovněž obsahuje časté odkazy k motivům z hájemství tělesnosti a biologie. Lze je interpretovat jako určitý způsob vzdoru vůči měšťanskému životnímu stylu. Autorka ve svých básních čerpala ze světa mýtů a tradic různých kultur, mj. Dálného Východu, starogermánské a středozemní civilizace, stejně jako židovské kultury.

 

První válečná léta strávila Zuzanna Ginczanka ve Lvově. S ohledem na svůj výrazný semitský vzhled musela svůj původ začít maskovat a porůznu se ukrývat. Poté, co byla odhalena a nahlášena gestapu svou domovnicí, jistou Chominowou, se rozhodla k útěku. Dostala se do Krakova, kde postavu zrádné domovnice zvěčnila v básni Non omnis moriar. V Krakově ji gestapo nakonec odhalilo a zatklo. V roce 1944 byla popravena zastřelením v koncentračním táboře Płaszów.

tvorba

Non omnis moriar
Side commentary
Escape
Infidelity
To another
Virginity

 

Non omnis moriar

 

Interpret: Anna Błaut

Koncert u příležitosti znovuotevření rekonstruovaných prostor rituální lázně a sklepení Synagogy U Bílého čápa (Synagoga Pod Białym Bocianem), Vratislav (Wrocław), 13. 10. 2018

 

Non omnis moriar—my proud estate,
Meadows of tablecloths, bastions of armoires,
Miles of bedsheets, all my fine linens
And dresses, bright dresses shall be my bequest.
Here I have left no heir.
Let your hand then pick through my Jewish possessions,
O brave spouse of a snitch, Mrs. Chomina from Lviv,
An eager informant, a Volksdeutscher’s mother.
May they suit you and yours: why leave them to strangers?
This is no song, dear neighbors, nor an empty name
I remember you the way you remembered me
to the coming Schupo, reminding them of me.
So friends, break out the goblets,
Drink to my death and to your riches:
Kilims and tapestries, platters and candlesticks.
May you drink all night and as the day breaks
set off on your search for jewels and gold
In featherbeds, mattresses, sofas, and rugs.
Many hands make light work, so it shouldn’t take long,
Clumps of horsehair and sea grass stuffing,
Clouds of torn pillows and billows of down,
Will cling to your arms, and turn them to wings,
And my blood will congeal fiber and feather
And transform into angels those now merely winged.

[Translation first published in Consequence]

 

 

Side commentary

Translated from Polish by Joanna Trzeciak Huss

 

I was not made
from dust,
nor unto dust
will I return.
I did not come down
from heaven,
nor will I return there.
Like a glass vault
I am the heavens.
I am the earth
like the fertile soil.
I did not escape
from anywhere,
nor will I return
there.
I know of no other beyond, beyond myself.
In the full lungs of the wind
and in the calcified rocks,
scattered
here
I must
find
myself.
 

[Translation first published in Washington Square Review]

Escape

Translation from Polish by Joanna Trzeciak Huss

 

Ablaze with color, a garden gone wild sticks out like a wick.
Add a touch of red, hot like fire, and the soil will burst like a bomb.
Proud peacock of iridescent enamel struts in the sun
behind a tapestry of maples arrayed in green rows.
 

That’s daytime: sunflowers circling bright sparks of buttercups,
lacquered maple leaves and haughty garish peacocks.
Midnight bright as high noon from the gloss and glitter of lightning.
Bolt after bolt it lights up the trees with nothing but glitter and gloss.
 

I circle lonely rooms, pondering the inscrutable garden,
I gaze at grey upholstery, ensconced in creaks and rustles,
I—the only known earth amidst planets orbiting lifelessly,
amidst matters of overt color and covert, obscure content—
 

I gaze into standing pools of mirrors and float to the surface as if drowned
with worried hand I feel my eye and probe its bony orbit
then the scream—I rush into the peacock bright garden, 
copper trees ablaze, and lilacs white hot.
 

I dive into the brimming chestnuts, into the swaying of hazels and willows, 
into the bustle of hazy appearances and covert and obscure content—
I weep in sorrow, 
kissing on the lips,
bursting out laughing,
and furrowing my brow,
What I am left with in life is life
to forget death to death.
 

[Translation first published in Pleiades]

 

Infidelity („Zdrada”)

 

Performed by Nocą Umówieni + Airis String Quartet
Music by Katarzyna Sałapa
Performed at a „Lato w Synagodze Pod Białym Bocianem” concert at the White Stork Synagogue in Wrocław, Poland.
Translation from Polish by Joanna Trzeciak Huss

 

Nobody can stop me.
Sin of suede and bats
its mousish head hanging down in the attic of fear
At dusk I will slip out of the tower, from the fortified tower
I will escape through the cutting sharp wasps,
a pillory of poisoned herbs –
 

The crushing crags of the commandments will arduously rise from the rubble,
the twenty hells of the Vedas,
flames,
howl
and whistle
a fanatical night will threaten, stoning with stars,
I will slip through fingers like Mercury.
Nothing can stop me.
 

You will turn into a wolf, I, a wagtail –
you into the eagle, I into the winding wonders – –
With inscrutable intent I will forestall you in your chase.
The world won’t stop me
oh my love – oh my dear – oh my sweet one
unless I myself
choose
a sweet May
fidelity.

 

To another

Translation from Polish by Joanna Trzeciak Huss

 

It’s easy for you to fall in love.
harder to stay in love. So be it. 
This is not altogether bad. 
Nor an obstacle, as I see it.
 

It would be easy for me to love you
despite this poor arrangement
but I cannot fall in love with you
and I’m powerless to change it.

 

Virginity

Translated from Polish by Joanna Trzeciak Huss

 

We…
A frenzy of hazel trees, disheveled by rain,
a scented nutty buttery crush.
Cows give birth in the humid air
in barns, blazing like stars. 
O, ripe currants and lush grains
Sapid to overbrimming.
O, she-wolves feeding their young, 
their eyes sweet like lilies.
Sap drips like apiary honey.
Goat udders sag like pumpkins.
The white milk flows like eternity
in the temples of maternal bosoms.
 

And we…
in cubes of peach wallpaper
like steel thermoses
hermetic beyond contemplation
entangled up to our necks in dresses 
conduct
proper
conversations. 
 

[Translation first published in New Ohio Review]